Selema (Po Po) by Musa Keys & Loui
Tshwala Bam by TitoM & Yuppe ft. S.N.E & EeQue
Key Attributes of Amapiano
Themes
Celebration, Joy, Partying
Love and Relationships
Everyday Township Life
Aspiration and Hustle
Confidence and Swagger
Musical Features
Dominant Log Drum Bassline
Jazzy/Lounge Piano Chords
Syncopated, spacious Drums
Kwaito-esque Basslines
Mid-tempo (approx. 115-125 BPM)
Call-and-Response Vocals/Ad-libs
Instruments
Synthesizers
Drum Machines/Samples
Piano/Electric Piano
Bass Synthesizers
Various Percussion
Vigro Deep
South African DJ and record producer
Originating from South Africa, the name “Amapiano” means “the pianos,” highlighting one of its foundational sounds. While its precise genesis is a lively debate, it definitively emerged from the townships of Gauteng province (Johannesburg and Pretoria) in the mid-to-late 2010s. It was a sound forged in bedrooms and local hangouts, not boardroom meetings.
Context and History
Amapiano feels like it exploded overnight, but its roots run deep, entwined with South Africa’s rich house music legacy and the spirit of its streets. It’s a sound born from innovation, community, and a touch of defiance against the mainstream. To truly understand Amapiano, you have to understand the fertile ground from which it sprang – a nation pulsating with Kwaito memories and a long-standing love affair with house music, unlike anywhere else. As Kelefa Sanneh noted in The New Yorker,
Kelefa Sanneh
American journalist and music critic
This wasn’t just background noise; it was the soundtrack to life. Pioneers like Oskido were already reshaping global sounds in the 90s, taking international house tracks and slowing them down, as he put it, because “people here are more on a slow tip.” This deceleration birthed Kwaito, a uniquely South African genre blending house beats with local rhythms and slang-filled vocals, becoming the voice of post-apartheid youth. Figures like M’du, with tracks like the iconic “Siya Jola,” were experimenting with sounds, including bassy ‘thunk’ sounds reminiscent of the log drum, laying sonic groundwork years before Amapiano had a name. It’s within this vibrant ecosystem, where house music wasn’t just imported but owned and reinvented, that Amapiano began its slow, mesmerizing burn.
Era 1: The Genesis & Underground Spread (c. 2014 – 2017)
This was Amapiano in its purest, most unrefined form. Forget polished studios; think bedrooms in townships like Soweto, Alexandra, Mamelodi, and Atteridgeville. Young producers, armed with software like FL Studio (“fruity loops”), were experimenting, pushing the boundaries of local deep house and Kwaito. They weren’t trying to create a genre; they were just making beats they wanted to hear at parties. Sanneh points out that early on, people called it “jazzy house,” noting how DJs would sometimes invite keyboard players to improvise over beats. Tracks like the 2015 collaboration “Mamelodi” by producer Junior Taurus and singer Lady Zamar (featuring Odyssey 012) hinted at this emerging sound –
Kelefa Sanneh
American journalist and music critic
This wasn’t music for the radio charts (yet); it circulated organically. DJs like Djy Jaivane were crucial, compiling mixes shared via USB sticks and unregulated sites like DataFileHost. He told The New Yorker,
Djy Jaivane
South African DJ and producer
Even the name “Amapiano” (the pianos) had humble, possibly even dismissive origins. Super-producer DJ Maphorisa recalled on Twitter that the “Amapiano name came ass a diss,” perhaps mocking its perceived simplicity or repetitive chords compared to established genres. But this underground network, fueled by WhatsApp groups sharing mp3s and datafile links, created a cult following. The defining element – the log drum – began to emerge more prominently. This wasn’t a traditional instrument but a specific bass preset within FL Studio, manipulated to create that distinctive, resonant percussive thud. As Sanneh explains, producers realized this sound “could serve as a kick and a bass simultaneously,” allowing the shakers to keep time while the log drum “darts in and out of the mix, as if the beat itself is playing a solo.” Early pioneers like MFR Souls, Kabza De Small, Kelvin Momo, and Gaba Cannal were instrumental in shaping this raw, atmospheric, and deeply rhythmic sound before it had widespread recognition.
Era 2: Breaking Ground & Defining the Sound (c. 2018 – 2019)
The underground buzz became an undeniable roar. Kabza De Small, once an enigmatic township producer, emerged as a central figure, unleashing a torrent of music that refined and popularized the Amapiano sound. His output was prolific, often collaborating with vocalists who added soulful layers to the hypnotic beats. His partnership with DJ Maphorisa – already a heavyweight producer with international credits like Drake’s “One Dance” – was pivotal. As the Scorpion Kings, they brought slicker production values, undeniable hooks, and strategic collaborations (like their work with soulful vocalist Samthing Soweto) that catapulted Amapiano into the South African mainstream. Their work, alongside hits from producers like Vigro Deep (who burst onto the scene as a teenager), cemented the core elements: the log drum groove, jazzy piano chords, wide basslines, and signature shakers. This era also saw the rise of charismatic performers and dancers like Kamo Mphela, whose energy and style became inseparable from the genre. Amapiano wasn’t just for niche parties anymore; it dominated local charts, radio waves, and dance floors across SA. It became, as Kamo Mphela perfectly stated, a lifestyle:
The music still retained its “defiantly jazzy” feel, as Sanneh puts it, often featuring long tracks and intricate musicality, resisting easy commercialization even as it grew popular.
Era 3: World Domination & Sonic Evolution (2020 – Present):
And then, the world tuned in. The COVID-19 pandemic played an unexpected role. As people globally were confined indoors, platforms like TikTok became cultural hubs. Amapiano dance challenges exploded, showcasing the music’s infectious rhythm and the unique moves associated with it – suddenly, millions were exposed to the sound. Twin duo Major League Djz became key ambassadors during this time. Already known in SA, their high-production “Balcony Mix Africa” DJ sets, filmed in glamorous locations and streamed on YouTube, offered a window into the Amapiano lifestyle, attracting huge international viewership. They weren’t necessarily the originators, but as Sanneh notes, they played the “role of popularizers,” throwing great parties and playing great records, eventually signing to Atlantic Records and performing at major festivals like Coachella. Viral moments further amplified the sound: DJ Uncle Waffles captivated global audiences with clips of her energetic DJ sets, embodying the genre’s fusion of skillful mixing and magnetic performance. Her success underscored her sentiment:
International collaborations became crucial bridges. Focalistic’s “Ke Star” remix featuring Nigerian megastar Davido was a landmark moment, explicitly linking Amapiano with the dominant Afrobeats scene. This crossover continued, with Nigerian stars like Wizkid, Burna Boy, and particularly Asake heavily incorporating Amapiano sounds (especially the log drum) into their hits. Asake’s 2022 album “Mr. Money with the Vibe” and his 2023 follow-up “Work of Art” were heavily Amapiano-influenced, with one track brazenly titled “Amapiano,” leading to conversations within the SA scene. DBN Gogo expressed concern on Instagram about the sound being “taken right in front of us,” while Bandile Mbere of Major League Djz acknowledged the impact, provocatively stating, “BIGGEST AMAPIANO IS ASAKE 🇳🇬.” This highlighted the genre’s global reach but also the complexities of cultural exchange and ownership. Despite this rapid expansion and diversification into subgenres like Sgija and Tech Piano, key figures remain committed to its core. DJ Maphorisa remains bullish:
From underground beat tapes shared via WhatsApp to headlining slots at festivals like Afro Nation and earning its own Grammy category mention (Best African Music Performance), Amapiano’s journey is a testament to its unique power and cultural resonance. It’s a sound that, as Musa Keys envisions, is truly becoming
Musa Keys
South African singer and record producer
Musical Features / Performance Style
Musically, Amapiano is defined by the log drum, a unique, syncopated synthesized bass sound often acting as both kick and bass, creating its characteristic spacious yet driving rhythm. This is layered with soulful, jazzy piano chords that provide harmony, deep sub-bass lines, and intricate, Kwaito-influenced percussion like shakers and hi-hats, all moving at a distinct mid-tempo (around 110-115 BPM). Atmospheric pads and synths add texture.
Amapiano performance is intrinsically linked to dance, inspiring fluid, expressive movements and specific viral steps. DJs are central, curating seamless, atmospheric sets that prioritize vibe and the journey through the soundscape, exemplified by concepts like “Balcony Mixes.” While vocalists add soulful or chanted elements, the focus often remains on the collective, immersive experience driven by the music’s core rhythmic and melodic elements, embodying a cool confidence and smooth energy.
Lyrics
Lyrics in Amapiano are a vibrant mix, often switching between South African languages (Zulu, Sotho, Xhosa), Patois, and English. Themes are highly relatable: chilling, celebrating, love, relationships, everyday life in the townships, and the hustle. The delivery is often conversational, laid-back, sometimes incorporating rapping or soulful vocals. The lyrics are authentic to the artists’ background, contributing to the genre’s genuine connection with its audience.
Kabza De Small
DJ Maphorisa
Tyler ICU
Musa Keys
Vigro Deep
Focalistic
Young Stunna
Kamo Mphela
Uncle Waffles
Amapiano’s trajectory is still on a steep incline. It’s a global force now, embedded in the international music landscape. While the OGs continue to innovate, a fresh wave of talent keeps the sound evolving, pushing boundaries with new fusions and styles. Its inherent adaptability, combined with the power of digital platforms and increasing international collaborations, ensures its continued dominance. Amapiano is more than just a genre; it’s a cultural movement that’s just getting started on its world domination tour, proving that authentic sound from the continent has unlimited global potential.
Bibliography
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